On Generosity: The Integration of Practice and Rational in Descartes’ Morality

Abstract

The concept of generosity occupies a central position in Descartes’ later Morality, reflecting the integration of will, rational, and passions in moral practice. Based on an analysis of The Passions of the Soul and Discourse on the Method, this study systematically examines how generosity regulates passions, guides the exercise of will, and achieves the unity of rational, focusing on its practical implementation in moral practice. The study finds that generosity requires individuals to recognize the controllable scope of their own will, direct passions through rational, and ensure that actions conform to moral standards; simultaneously, it emphasizes equal benevolence toward others and humility before God, achieving the unity of thought, volition, and behavior. Generosity not only governs moral behavior but also provides a philosophical framework for harmonizing self and others, maintaining moral stability. This study argues that generosity is the core concept of Descartes’ Morality and serves as an essential bridge between moral practice and first philosophy, offering significant insights for a deeper understanding of Descartes’ philosophical system and moral thought.